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1 техническая вода
техническая вода
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
process water
Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process. (Source: WQA)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > техническая вода
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2 реверсный осмос
реверсный осмос
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
reverse osmosis
A method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination. Pure water and the salt water are separated by a semipermeable membrane and the pressure of the salt water is raised above the osmotic pressure, causing water from the brine to pass through the membrane into the pure water. This process requires a pressure of some 25 atmospheres, which makes it difficult to apply on a large scale. (Source: DICCHE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > реверсный осмос
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3 почвенный процесс
почвенный процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil process
The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > почвенный процесс
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4 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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5 водяная коррозия
водяная коррозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water corrosivity
Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals, such as lead and copper. (Source: WILKES)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водяная коррозия
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6 граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ocean-air interface
The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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7 опреснительная установка
опреснительная установка
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
desalination plant
1) Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling.
2) Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process.
(Source: ALL / WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > опреснительная установка
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8 регенерация воды
регенерация воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water regeneration
A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention. (Source: OSW)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > регенерация воды
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9 восстановление воды
восстановление воды
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restoration of water
Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach. (Source: OSW / GHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > восстановление воды
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10 засоление воды
засоление воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water salination
Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised. (Source: PHC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > засоление воды
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11 снижение уровня сброса сточных вод
снижение уровня сброса сточных вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
waste water reduction
The act or process of lessening the volume of used or spent water that is discharged from homes, businesses or industries. (Source: RHW / FFD / TOE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > снижение уровня сброса сточных вод
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12 эксплуатация подземных водных ресурсов
эксплуатация подземных водных ресурсов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
exploitation of underground water
The process of extracting underground water from a source. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > эксплуатация подземных водных ресурсов
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13 геологический процесс
геологический процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geological process
Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. (Source: DUNSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > геологический процесс
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14 сжигание ила
сжигание ила
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sludge incineration
A method used for drying and reducing sludge volume and weight. Since incineration requires auxiliary fuel to obtain and maintain high temperature and to evaporate the water contained in the incoming sludge, concentration techniques should be applied before incineration. Sludge incineration is a two-step process involving drying and combustion after a preceding dewatering process, such as filters, drying beds, or centrifuges. (Source: CORBIT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сжигание ила
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15 выброс сточных вод
выброс сточных вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
waste water discharge
The flow of treated effluent from any wastewater treatment process. (Source: WWC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > выброс сточных вод
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16 добыча подземных вод
добыча подземных вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
groundwater extraction
The process, deliberate or inadvertent, of extracting ground water from a source at a rate so in excess of the replenishment that the ground water level declines persistently, threatening exhaustion of the supply or at least a decline of pumping levels to uneconomic depths. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > добыча подземных вод
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17 переработка сточных вод
переработка сточных вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
waste water treatment
Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes. (Source: WWC / WQA)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > переработка сточных вод
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18 система обработки стоков
система обработки стоков
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sewage treatment system
Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > система обработки стоков
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19 биологическая обработка
биологическая обработка
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
biological treatment
Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. (Source: PARCOR)
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20 вторичная обработка
вторичная обработка
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
secondary treatment
Stage of the process of waste water treatment: following primary treatment by sedimentation, the second step in most wastewater systems in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter into a innocuous, stable form. (Source: CORBIT / WQA)
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